Making Nutrient
Agar ("NA") Plates
(source:www.scienceprojects.com)
There are several ways to make NA plates, all depending on what you
have available. The well equipped lab (like ours!) has clean and
sterile empty petri plates, and a bottle of NA powder sitting on the shelf.
If you don't, you can follow these directions.
PETRI PLATES FROM SCRATCH
First, you must find something that simulates a petri plate if you don't
have them. Shallow glass custard cups covered by a double thickness
of aluminum foil works well.
Second, you must have the nutrient agar to put in them. What might you
use as a alternative to the commercially available microbiological supply?
The answer is canned beef or chicken broth and agar, which is purchased
in a health foods store.
Third, you must sterilize these things in appropriate combinations.
Included in the following steps will be the way to use a pressure cooker.
There is NO substitute for a pressure cooker or autoclave, which
is an automated pressure cooker. Boiling is not a sterilizing condition.
Boiling doesn't work! The only commonly employed sterilizing conditions
are wet heat at 120°c (250°F) for 20 minutes (pressure cooker),
or dry heat in excess of 190°c (375°F) or more for an hour or more
(oven).
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Measure and record the amount of water that half-fills a custard cup.
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Determine the number of plates (custard cups) you will need to use, and
from that the amount of medium you need to make to half-fill all the cups.
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Empty a can of fatfree beef or chicken broth into a large measuring cup
and dilute, if necessary, with water as per the instructions on the side
of the can. Mix. Discard the excess beyond what you need for your cups.
Pour this into a sauce pan.
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Add 1 level teaspoon of agar per 2/3 cup of broth. Stir the required amount
of agar into the COLD broth in the sauce pan.
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Turn on the heat, and with constant and continuous stirring and/or swirling
bring just to a boil. Keep swirling, and then adding small amounts of heat,
and do this until all the granules of agar are dissolved. Agar solutions
burn very easily - just like making gravy (in which you have added another
polysaccharide as a thickening agent). An alternative way to do it is to
place the broth/agar mix into a glass bowl and place it in a microwave
oven. But do this cautiously as the mix will suddenly foam up. So be ready
to shut off the energy at any moment. Give the dissolving solution a swirl,
and microwave a bit longer. Swirl and energize repeatedly until all the
granules are dissolved.§
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Distribute the hot medium among the cups you need.
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Plate pieces of double-thick aluminum foil over the cups so that at least
a half inch (1 cm) over hangs.
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To your empty, clean pressure cooker, add enough tap water so that at least
a half inch of water is in the bottom. Place the device on your cooking
stove.
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Arrange your cups in the bottom and add anything else you need to sterilize
between and on top of the foil covered cups.
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Put the lid on the pressure cooker making sure that all the lugs are in
place and the top twisted to the right (clockwise).
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Turn on the heat
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For awhile the water will boil inside the pot, but steam will not spew
from the vent. Only hot air will come out.
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Finally, when steam spews from the vent, place the special weight atop
the vent. Some weights have several holes in them labelled with numbers
indicating the amount of pressure they will produce in the pot. Make sure
that you use the hole that says "15" (which means 15 psi, which is one
atmosphere above ambient air pressure).
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Soon the steam pressure inside the pot will reach 15 psi, and at that time
will be able to lift the special weight, which will now jiggle and hiss
as it allows excess pressure to be vented. As soon as the hissing begins,
you should begin your timer.
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While the hissing and jiggling continues, you may turn down the heat a
little - just so long as hissing and jibbling continues.
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After 20 minutes, turn off the heat, and go for lunch.
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Using a fork, for example, slightly lift the weight. If more steam hisses
out, put the weight back down, and wait a little longer for the pot to
cool.
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Finally, lifting the weight does not result in hissing. Lift off the weight
and put it aside in a safe place where you won't lose it.
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Twist and remove the top from the pot. When you raise the top, lift it
so that the rear edge lifts first so that the steam inside rises away from
you, unless you enjoy having your face get the boiled lobster look and
your hair all frizzy. Set the top aside on your lab partner's notes so
that all the condensation can pour forth and ruin the notes.
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Reach in with mitts and gloves to remove the various items in there. DO
NOT remove foil covers or other wrappings. Remember that the cups are half-filled
with nearly boiling liquid, so lift them carefully and set on the counter
top where they will cool and solidify.
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For safety, dump a pan of cold water into the pot before moving it. That
will cool the hot contents so that splashes and misdirected spills will
not burn anyone. Dump the pot into a sink and rinse well with warm water
and set aside inverted to drain and dry.
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In an hour or so, the NA in the cups will have cooled enough to solidify.*
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Immediately before use they must be "dried".
| * |
agar is a rare substance in that its melting and freezing points are
not the same. Agar melts at about 95°c, and solidifies at about 43°c.
That's why you had to boil the broth and agar in the saucepan, and later
why you had to wait so long for the cups to cool. |
| § |
A totally different way, is to put a covered bottle of the cold broth/agar
mix into the pressure cooker along with empty foil-covered cups. Later,
after sterilization, swirl the bottle to mix the agar up from the bottom.
Then arrange the cups on the countertop and one by one lift the foil and
pour in agar/broth solution. Replace the foil immediately after pouring.
Often some bubbles of foam form upon pouring. These should be aseptically
burst by wafting a flame from the plumber's torch across the liquid surface. |
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