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Which of these is a receptor molecule? (Activity 11A) 
|
| A |
| B |
| C |
| D |
| E |
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A signal-transduction pathway is initiated when a _____ binds to a receptor. (Activity 11A)
|
| G protein |
| tyrosine kinase |
| calmodulin |
| signal molecule |
| cyclic AMP |
|
|
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Which of these is a signal molecule? (Activity 11A) 
|
| A |
| B |
| C |
| D |
| E |
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|
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A signal molecule is also known as a(n) _____. (Activity 11A)
|
| ligand |
| protein |
| initiator |
| key |
| receptor |
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|
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Which of these receptors is NOT a membrane receptor? (Activity 11B) 
|
| A |
| B |
| C |
| D |
| E |
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|
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Which of these is a G-protein-linked receptor? (Activity 11B) 
|
| A |
| B |
| C |
| D |
| E |
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|
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Which of these is a tyrosine-kinase receptor? (Activity 11B) 
|
| A |
| B |
| C |
| D |
| E |
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Which of these is an ion-channel receptor? (Activity 11B) 
|
| A |
| B |
| C |
| D |
| E |
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The binding of signal molecules to _____ results in the phosphorylation of tyrosines. (Activity 11B) 
|
| A |
| B |
| C |
| D |
| E |
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Which of these receptor molecules would allow Na+ to flow into the cell? (Activity 11B) 
|
| A |
| B |
| C |
| D |
| E |
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Which of these extracellular signal molecules could diffuse through a plasma membrane and bind to an intracellular receptor? (Activity 11B)
|
| estrogen |
| glycerol |
| cellulose |
| glucose |
| starch |
|
|
|
A(n)
_____ is an example of a signal molecule that can bind to an intracellular
receptor and thereby cause a gene to be turned on or off. (Activity 11B)
|
| ion |
| protein |
| carbohydrate |
| nucleic acid |
| steroid |
|
|
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_____ is a signal molecule that binds to an intracellular receptor. (Activity 11B) 
|
| A |
| B |
| C |
| D |
| E |
|
|
|
Thyroid hormones bind to _____ receptors. (Activity 11B)
|
| tyrosine-kinase |
| plasma membrane ion-channel |
| steroid |
| intracellular |
| G-protein-linked |
|
|
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Which of these acts as a second messenger? (Activity 11C) 
|
| A |
| B |
| C |
| D |
| E |
|
|
|
Which of these acts as a second messenger? (Activity 11C)
|
| G protein |
| G-protein-linked receptor |
| protein kinase |
| adenylyl kinase |
| cyclic AMP |
|
|
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Calcium ions that act as second messengers are stored in _____. (Activity 11C)
|
| mitochondria |
| peroxisomes |
| lysosomes |
| chloroplasts |
| endoplasmic reticula |
|
|
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_____ catalyzes the production of _____, which then opens an ion channel that releases _____ into the cell's cytoplasm. (Activity 11C)
|
| Adenylyl cyclase ... cyclic AMP ... Ca2+ |
| Adenylyl cyclase ... IP3 .... Ca2+ |
| Protein kinase ... PIP2 ... Na+ |
| Phospholipase C ... cyclic AMP ... Ca2+ |
| Phospholipase C ... IP3 .... Ca2+ |
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A protein kinase activating many other protein kinases is an example of _____. (Activity 11C)
|
| amplification |
| sensitization |
| mutualism |
| a cellular response |
| deactivation |
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The cleavage of glycogen by glycogen phosphorylase releases _____. (Activity 11D)
|
| glucose-1-phosphate |
| cellulose |
| galactose-1-phosphate |
| fructose-1-phosphate |
| nothing: glycogen phosphorylase cannot cleave glycogen |
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Epinephrine acts as a signal molecule that attaches to _____ receptor proteins. (Activity 11D)
|
| intracellular |
| G-protein-linked |
| nuclear |
| tyrosine-kinase |
| ion-channel |
|
|
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Which of these is a receptor for calcium ions? (Activity 11D)
|
| calmodulin |
| PIP2 |
| G protein |
| IP3 |
| adenylyl cyclase |
|
|
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Which of these is NOT correct? (Activity 11D)
|
| Phospholipase C catalyzes the formation of IP3. |
| Tyrosine-kinase receptors consist of two polypeptides that join when activated by a signal molecule. |
| Ion channels are found on both the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| Cyclic AMP binds to calmodulin. |
| Kinases are enzymes that phosphorylate other molecules. |
|
|
|
A
toxin that inhibits the production of GTP would interfere with the function
of a signal-transduction pathway that is initiated by the binding of a signal
molecule to _____ receptors. (Activity 11D)
|
| G-protein-linked |
| ion-channel |
| intracellular |
| steroid |
| tyrosine-kinase |
|
|
|
Which of these is a logical signal-transduction pathway? (Activity 11E)
|
| A
tyrosine-kinase receptor activates adenylyl cyclase, which activates phospholipase
C, which converts ATP into cyclic AMP, which binds to an intracellular enzyme
that carries out a response. |
| An
ion-channel receptor opens, allowing a steroid hormone to enter the cell;
the steroid hormone then activates protein kinases that convert GTP to GDP,
which binds to an intracellular enzyme that carries out a response. |
| An intracellular receptor activates phospholipase C, which cleaves a membrane protein to form IP3,
which then activates the opening of an ER channel protein, which releases
cyclic AMP into the cytoplasm, where it binds to an intracellular enzyme
that carries out a response. |
| A G-protein-linked receptor activates G protein, which activates phospholipase C, which cleaves a membrane protein to form IP3,
which binds to a calcium channel on the ER, which opens to release calcium
ions into the cytoplasm, which bind to an intracellular enzyme that carries
out a response. |
| Forget it, I can't make sense of any of these. |
