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Channels, such as those indicated by the pointer, are _____. (Activity 36A) 
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| gap junctions |
| desmosomes |
| tight junctions |
| intercalated disks |
| plasmodesmata |
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Which of these are symbiotic associations? (Activity 36A)
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| root hairs |
| apoplasts |
| Casparian strips |
| mycorrhizae |
| symplast |
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Click on the diagram to start the animation. This is an animation of the movement of water and ions through the root _____. (Activity 36A)
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| from cell to cell, across cell membranes and cell walls |
| via the symplastic route |
| via a combination of the movement through plasmodesmata and across cell membranes |
| via the mycorrhizal route |
| via the apoplastic route |
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In roots the _____ forces water and solutes to pass through the plasma membranes of _____ cells before entering the _____. (Activity 36A)
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| Casparian strip ... ectoderm ... xylem |
| Casparian strip ... endodermis ... xylem |
| Casparian strip ... endodermis ... phloem |
| xylem ... endodermis ... Casparian strip |
| transpiration ... endodermis ... xylem |
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_____ provide(s) the major force for the movement of water and solutes from roots to leaves. (Activity 36A)
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| Translocation |
| Bulk flow |
| Transpiration |
| Root pressure |
| Transfer cells |
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_____ bonds are responsible for the cohesion of water molecules. (Activity 36A)
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| Ionic |
| Hydrogen |
| Nonpolar covalent |
| Polar covalent |
| Peptide |
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_____ cells are the cells that regulate the opening and closing of stomata, thus playing a role in regulating transpiration. (Activity 36A)
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| Tracheid |
| Casparian strip |
| Sieve-tube member |
| Companion |
| Guard |
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Which of these processes is responsible for leaves being considered sugar sources? (Activity 36B)
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| catabolism |
| glycolysis |
| citric acid cycle |
| photosynthesis |
| Krebs cycle |
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_____ transport(s) sugars from leaves to, for example, taproots. (Activity 36B)
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| Blood vessels |
| Tracheids |
| Phloem |
| Vessel elements |
| Xylem |
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Sugar moves from leaves into the _____ of _____ by _____. (Activity 36B)
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| sieve-tube elements ... phloem ... active transport |
| sieve-tube elements ... xylem ... active transport |
| sieve-tube elements ... phloem ... diffusion |
| tracheids ... phloem ... active transport |
| tracheids ... phloem ... diffusion |
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The water pressure that pushes water and sugar from sugar source to sugar sink is referred to as _____. (Activity 36B)
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| translocation |
| bulk flow |
| transpiration |
| root pressure |
| solute pressure |
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Water moves into phloem by _____. (Activity 36B)
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| root pressure |
| transpiration |
| osmosis |
| endocytosis |
| active transport |
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At a sugar sink, sugar is removed from phloem by _____. (Activity 36B)
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| root pressure |
| transpiration |
| osmosis |
| diffusion |
| active transport |
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In a sugar sink, such as a taproot, sugar is converted into _____. (Activity 36B)
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| starch |
| fatty acids |
| cellulose |
| glycogen |
| proteins |
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_____
is responsible for the movement of sugars from leaves to taproots; _____
is responsible for the movements of sugar from taproots to leaves. (Activity 36B)
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| Transpiration ... transpiration |
| Bulk flow ... bulk flow |
| Bulk flow ... root pressure |
| Bulk flow ... transpiration |
| Root pressure ... bulk flow |