|
|
Which of these is the second of the three stages of cell signaling? (Activity 45A)
|
| gene activation |
| reception |
| binding of a neurotransmitter to a plasma membrane receptor |
| transduction |
| cell response |
|
|
|
Receptors for nonsteroid hormones are located in _____. (Activity 45B)
|
| the extracellular fluid |
| the cytoplasm |
| the nucleus |
| the cytosol |
| association with a cell's plasma membrane |
|
|
|
Which of these is a nonsteroid hormone? (Activity 45B)
|
| estrogen |
| testosterone |
| both estrogen and testosterone |
| oxytocin |
| epinephrine and oxytocin |
|
|
|
How do nonsteroid hormones differ from steroid hormones? (Activity 45B) and (Activity 45C)
|
| nonsteroid hormones bind to a cell's DNA; steroid hormones do not bind to a cell's DNA |
| nonsteroid hormones act via signal-transduction pathways; steroid hormones do not act via signal-transduction pathways |
| the action of nonsteroid hormones never affects gene expression; the action of steroid hormones always affects gene expression |
| nonsteroid hormones bind to cytoplasmic receptors; steroid hormones bind to plasma membrane receptors |
| nonsteroid hormones are fat-soluble; steroid hormones are water-soluble |
|
|
|
Which of these extracellular signal molecules could diffuse through a plasma membrane and bind to an intracellular receptor? (Activity 45C)
|
| estrogen |
| epinephrine |
| cellulose |
| oxytocin |
| starch |
|
|
|
The primary reason steroid hormones usually act slowly is that _____. (Activity 45C)
|
| they are produced at very low concentrations |
| acting via a signal-transduction pathway makes for slower responses than does directly interacting with a cell's DNA |
| they are too large to enter a cell and therefore must first bind to a plasma membrane receptor before having an effect on a cell |
| target cells tend to ignore steroid hormones in favor of nonsteroid hormones |
| they turn genes on or off and it takes time for gene products to build up or become depleted |
|
|
|
Steroid hormone-receptor complexes act in _____. (Activity 45C)
|
| the nucleus |
| lysosomes |
| vesicles |
| the cytoplasm |
| the plasma membrane |
|
|
|
Which of these glands secretes releasing hormones? (Activity 45D)
|
| hypothalamus |
| adrenal cortex |
| thymus |
| ovaries |
| testes |
|
|
|
Which of these hormones are responsible for the "fight or flight" response to danger? (Activity 45D)
|
| insulin and glucagon |
| thyroxine and calcitonin |
| androgens and estrogens |
| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin |
| epinephrine and norepinephrine |
|
|
|
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) triggers the release of _____ in response to stress. (Activity 45D)
|
| melatonin |
| insulin |
| glucocorticoids |
| thymosin |
| parathyroid hormone |
|
|
|
_____ are the main male hormones. (Activity 45D)
|
| Progesterones |
| Mineralocorticoids |
| Androgens |
| Luteinizing hormones |
| Estrogens |
|
|
|
What hormone promotes water retention by the kidneys? (Activity 45D)
|
| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) |
| prolactin |
| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
| melatonin |
| glucagon |
|
|
|
Which hormone opposes the action of parathyroid hormone? (Activity 45D)
|
| calcitonin |
| insulin |
| thyroxine |
| thymosin |
| glucagon |
|
|
|
Which hormone stimulates hormone production by the ovaries and testes? (Activity 45D)
|
| progesterone |
| testosterone |
| glucocorticoids |
| luteinizing hormone (LH) |
| estrogens |
|
|
|
Which hormone stimulates milk production? (Activity 45D)
|
| parathyroid hormone |
| mineralocorticoids |
| prolactin |
| thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) |
| thymosin |
