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In sea urchins, the process of fertilization produces a(n) _____. (Activity 47A)
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| archenteron |
| morula |
| gastrula |
| gamete |
| zygote |
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What is the cortical reaction? (Activity 47A)
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| the formation of a fertilization envelope that bars additional sperm from entry into the egg |
| the release of hydrolytic enzymes from the sperm cell |
| a depolarization of the eggs' plasma membrane so that only one sperm cell can fuse with it |
| a series of rapid mitotic divisions that follow fertilization |
| the process that forms a three-layered embryo |
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As cleavage continues, a zygote forms into a solid multicellular ball called a(n) _____. (Activity 47A)
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| endometrium |
| morula |
| trophoblast |
| gastrula |
| blastula |
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Several hours after fertilization, cleavage results in the formation of a hollow ball of cells called a _____. (Activity 47A)
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| blastomere |
| morula |
| trophoblast |
| gastrula |
| blastula |
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The three-layered embryo is the _____. (Activity 47A)
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| archenteron |
| morula |
| trophoblast |
| gastrula |
| blastula |
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The _____ eventually develops into the sea urchin's digestive tract. (Activity 47A)
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| blastocoel |
| archenteron |
| blastomere |
| ectoderm |
| blastopore |
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During gastrulation, invagination occurs at the _____. (Activity 47A)
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| archenteron |
| blastocoel |
| endometrium |
| blastopore |
| trophoblast |
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In vertebrates, the ectoderm gives rise to the _____. (Activity 47A)
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| skeleton |
| circulatory system |
| outer layer of skin |
| lining of the digestive tract |
| pancreas |
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During gastrulation in frogs, a rod of mesoderm under the dorsal surface forms the _____. (Activity 47B)
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| notochord |
| ectoderm |
| endoderm |
| archenteron |
| blastopore |
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During gastrulation in frogs, cells from the animal pole spread over the embryo and form the _____. (Activity 47B)
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| endoderm |
| ectoderm |
| archenteron |
| blastopore |
| blastula |
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The notochord functions as a core around which mesodermal cells form the frog's _____. (Activity 47B)
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| backbone |
| blastopore |
| endometrium |
| nervous system |
| archenteron |
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An ectodermal thickening above the frog's notochord forms a _____. (Activity 47B)
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| pancreas |
| neural plate |
| skeleton |
| liver |
| lining of the stomach |
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The _____ is(are) formed when the neural folds join and a portion of the neural plate sinks beneath the embryo's surface. (Activity 47B)
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| archenteron |
| anus |
| back muscles |
| neural tube |
| digestive system |
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The enlarged anterior portion of the neural tube will develop into a frog's _____. (Activity 47B)
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| spinal cord |
| tongue |
| reproductive system |
| outer layer of skin |
| brain |
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The posterior portion of the neural tube will develop into the frog's _____. (Activity 47B)
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| spinal cord |
| brain |
| blastocoel |
| digestive tract |
| anus |
