What is the process by which cells link monomers together to form polymers? (p. 63)

In a hydrolysis reaction, _____, and in this process water is _____ . (p. 63)

Cellulose is a _____ made of many _____. (p. 67)

Why does the enzyme amylase break down starch but not cellulose? (p. 67)

Generally, animals cannot digest the linkages between the glucose molecules in cellulose. How then do cows get enough nutrients from eating grass? (p. 67)

The ovalbumin in egg white can be classified as which type of protein? (p. 72)

In what polysaccharide form do plants store sugar to be available later for energy? (p. 66)

The type of bond that forms to bind monomers (such as sugar and amino acids) into polymers (such as starch and proteins) is a(n) __________ bond. (p. 65)

Which one of the following molecules has the lowest molecular weight? (p. 64)

Which one of the following molecules is a carbohydrate? (p. 64)

At a conference, the speaker's grand finale was sautéing mealworms (insect larvae) in butter and serving them to the audience. They were crunchy (like popcorn hulls) because their exoskeletons contain the polysaccharide _____. (p. 68)

Carbohydrates are mainly used in our bodies for _____. (p. 65)

The complex carbohydrate that you are most likely to have eaten recently is _____. (p. 66)

One characteristic shared by sucrose, lactose, and maltose is _____. (p. 65)

A polysaccharide that we use for storing energy in our muscles and livers is _____. (p. 67)

Which one of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates (as a class)? (p. 65)

Disaccharides can differ from each other in all the following ways EXCEPT _____. (p. 65)

The subunits (monomers) in cellulose are linked together by ___________. (p. 67)

Which one of the following components of a tossed salad will pass through the human digestive tract with the least digestion? (p. 67)

Lipids differ from other large biological molecules in that they _____. (p. 68)

Which is the correct term for compounds that do not mix with water? (p. 69)

Nutritionally, saturated triglycerides are considered to be less healthful than unsaturated. What is the difference between them? (p. 69)

The lipids that form the main structural component of cell membranes are _____. (p. 71)

Some athletes use anabolic steroids to build their body mass. Why is this considered a problematic practice? (p. 71)

If a small droplet of ordinary fat molecules is suspended in water, the fat molecules form a "ball of spaghetti" with no particular orientation. But if a droplet of phospholipids is put in water, all the molecules point outward, toward the water. Phospholipids are forced into this orientation because phospholipids have _____. (p. 70)

A fatty acid containing at least two double bonds is called _____. (p. 70)

Which one of the following is a true statement comparing phospholipids and triglycerides (fats and oils)? (p. 69)

Estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone belong to which class of molecules? (p. 71)

The term "polyunsaturated" means that a fat or oil _____. (p. 70)

Which of the following is a polymer? (p. 67)

Manufacturers make vegetable oils solid or semisolid by ___________. (p. 70)

Which one of the following is the major energy storage compound of plant seeds? (p. 70)

Some lipids are formed by linking together fatty acids with glycerol. These subunits are linked together by a(n) ___________. (p. 69)

On the basis of the principle of complementary base pairing, you would expect the percentage of ___ to be equal to the percentage of ____. (p. 83)

The fatty acid tail of a phopholipid is ___________ because it ___________. (p. 70)

Which of the following are pyrimidines? (p. 82)

The overall three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide is called the _____. (p. 77)

How does DNA differ from RNA? (p. 80)

Which of the following would probably NOT be affected when a protein is denatured? (p. 78)

Which of the following ranks these molecules in the correct order by size? (p. 71)

A nucleotide is made of which of the following chemical components? (p. 82)

To what does the term "polypeptide" refer? (p. 71)

Enzyme molecules require a specific shape to perform their catalytic function. Which of the following might alter the protein shape? (p. 78)

The a helix and pleated sheet represent which level of protein structure? (p. 76)

The peptide bond is _____. (p. 73)

Protein molecules are polymers (chains) of _____. (p. 74)

The "primary structure" of a protein refers to _____. (p. 74)

Which of the following do nucleic acids and proteins have in common? (p. 71)

A glucose molecule is to starch as _____. (p. 66)

A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture _____. (p. 82)